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How Can You Compare Christ to a Master Key Work

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Title meaning anointed

This article is about the Christian theological championship. For Jesus of Nazareth, see Jesus. For the Islamic theological concept of the Messiah, meet Messiah in Islam. For other uses, see Christ (disambiguation).

Christ ,[annotation 1] used past Christians equally both a name and a title, is synonymous with Jesus.[five] [6] [7] Information technology is also used equally a title, in the reciprocal use "Christ Jesus", meaning "the Messiah Jesus", and independently every bit "the Christ".[8] The Pauline epistles, the earliest texts of the New Testament,[9] often refer to Jesus as "Christ Jesus" or "Christ".[x]

The concept of the Christ in Christianity originated from the concept of the messiah in Judaism. Christians believe that Jesus is the messiah foretold in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Although the conceptions of the messiah in each religion are like, for the most part they are distinct from one another due to the split of early on Christianity and Judaism in the 1st century.

Although the original followers of Jesus believed Jesus to be the Jewish messiah, e.g. in the Confession of Peter, Jesus was usually referred to every bit "Jesus of Nazareth" or "Jesus, son of Joseph".[xi] Jesus came to be called "Jesus Christ" (significant "Jesus the Khristós", i.e. "Jesus the Messiah" or "Jesus the Anointed") by Christians, who believe that his crucifixion and resurrection fulfill the messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.

Etymology [edit]

Christ comes from the Greek word χριστός ( chrīstós ), meaning "anointed one". The give-and-take is derived from the Greek verb χρίω ( chrī́ō ), meaning "to anoint."[12] In the Greek Septuagint, christos was used to translate the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ ( Mašíaḥ , messiah), significant "[one who is] anointed".[13]

Usage [edit]

The word Christ (and similar spellings) appears in English and in nearly European languages. English language-speakers at present oft employ "Christ" as if it were a name, one office of the name "Jesus Christ", though it was originally a championship ("the Messiah"). Its usage in "Christ Jesus" emphasizes its nature equally a championship.[8] [14] Compare the usage "the Christ".[15]

The spelling Christ in English became standardized in the 18th century, when, in the spirit of the Enlightenment, the spelling of certain words changed to fit their Greek or Latin origins. Prior to this, scribes writing in Old and Middle English language usually used the spelling Crist—the i being pronounced either as , preserved in the names of churches such every bit St Katherine Cree, or equally a curt , preserved in the modern pronunciation of "Christmas". The spelling "Christ" in English is attested from the 14th century.[16]

In modern and ancient usage, even in secular terminology, "Christ" usually refers to Jesus, based on the centuries-old tradition of such usage. Since the Apostolic Age, the

[...] utilise of the definite article earlier the word Christ and its gradual evolution into a proper name show the Christians identified the bearer with the promised Messias of the Jews.[17]

Groundwork and New Testament references [edit]

Kickoff folio of Mark, past Sargis Pitsak (14th century): "The first of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God".

Pre-New Testament references [edit]

In the Old Attestation, anointing was a ceremonial reserved to the Kings of State of israel (1 Kings 19:xvi; 24:seven), Psalms 17 (18):51), to Cyrus the Dandy (Isaiah 45:one), to the High Priest of State of israel, the patriarchs (Psalms 104(105):xv and to the prophets.[18] [12]

In the Septuagint text of the deuterocanonical books, the term "Christ" (Χριστός, translit. Christós) is found in ii Maccabees ane:10[19] [xx] (referring to the anointed High Priest of Israel) and in the Book of Sirach 46:nineteen,[21] [22] in relation to Samuel, prophet and institutor of the kingdom under Saul.

At the time of Jesus, in that location was no single course of 2d Temple Judaism, and in that location were significant political, social, and religious differences among the various Jewish groups.[23] However, for centuries the Jews had used the term moshiach ("anointed") to refer to their expected deliverer.[17]

Opening lines of Mark and Matthew [edit]

Mark i:i ("The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God") identifies Jesus as both Christ and the Son of God. Matthew ane:1 uses Christ as a name and Matthew one:sixteen explains it over again with: "Jesus, who is called Christ". The apply of the definite article before the word "Christ" and its gradual evolution into a proper name show that the Christians identified Jesus with the promised messiah of the Jews who fulfilled all the messianic predictions in a fuller and a higher sense than had been given them by the rabbis.[17]

Confession of Peter (Matthew, Marker and Luke) [edit]

The and so-called Confession of Peter, recorded in the Synoptic Gospels as Jesus'south foremost campaigner Peter saying that Jesus was the Messiah, has become a famous announcement of faith among Christians since the outset century.[23]

Martha'due south argument (John) [edit]

In John 11:27 Martha told Jesus, "you are the Christ, the Son of God, who is coming into the earth", signifying that both titles were generally accepted (yet considered singled-out) amongst the followers of Jesus before the raising of Lazarus.[24]

Sanhedrin trial of Jesus (Matthew, Mark and Luke) [edit]

During the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus, it might announced from the narrative of Matthew that Jesus at commencement refused a direct answer to the high priest Caiaphas'due south question: "Are you the Messiah, the Son of God?", where his answer is given simply every bit Σὺ εἶπας (Su eipas, "You [singular] have said information technology").[25] Similarly merely differently in Luke, all those present are said to ask Jesus: 'Are you lot then the Son of God?', to which Jesus reportedly answered: Ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι (Hymeis legete hoti ego eimi, "You [plural] say that I am".[26] In the Gospel of Marker, however, when asked past Caiaphas 'Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blest One?', Jesus tells the Sanhedrin: Ἐγώ εἰμι (ego eimi, "I am").[27] There are instances from Jewish literature in which the expression "you have said it" is equivalent to "you lot are right".[28] The Messianic claim was less meaning than the claim to divinity, which caused the high priest's horrified allegation of irreverence and the subsequent telephone call for the death penalty. Before Pilate, on the other mitt, it was but the assertion of his royal dignity which gave grounds for his condemnation.[28]

Pauline epistles [edit]

The word "Christ" is closely associated with Jesus in the Pauline epistles, which suggests that at that place was no need for the early on Christians to claim that Jesus is Christ because it was considered widely accepted amidst them. Hence Paul can use the term Khristós with no confusion every bit to whom information technology refers, and he can employ expressions such as "in Christ" to refer to the followers of Jesus, every bit in ane Corinthians 4:15 and Romans 12:5.[29] Paul proclaimed him as the Last Adam, who restored through obedience what Adam lost through defiance.[30] The Pauline epistles are a source of some key Christological connections; e.1000., Ephesians 3:17–xix relates the dear of Christ to the noesis of Christ, and considers the love of Christ as a necessity for knowing him.[31]

At that place are also implicit claims to him being the Christ in the words and actions of Jesus.[28] [ clarification needed ]

Use of Messias in John [edit]

The Hellenization Μεσσίας (Messías) is used twice to mean "Messiah" in the New Testament: by the disciple Andrew at John one:41, and by the Samaritan woman at the well at John iv:25. In both cases, the Greek text specifies immediately after that this means "the Christ."[xv] : 509

Christology [edit]

Christology, literally "the understanding of Christ,"[32] is the written report of the nature (person) and work (role in salvation) of Jesus in Christianity.[33] [34] [35] [36] It studies Jesus Christ's humanity and divinity, and the relation between these ii aspects;[37] and the part he plays in salvation.

From the second to the fifth centuries, the relation of the human and divine nature of Christ was a major focus of debates in the early on church and at the first 7 ecumenical councils. The Quango of Chalcedon in 451 issued a conception of the hypostatic union of the two natures of Christ, one human being and ane divine, "united with neither defoliation nor division".[38] Most of the major branches of Western Christianity and Eastern Orthodoxy subscribe to this formulation,[38] while many branches of Oriental Orthodox Churches reject it,[39] [40] [41] subscribing to miaphysitism.

According to the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas, in the singular case of Jesus, the word Christ has a twofold meaning, which stands for "both the Godhead anointing and the manhood anointed". Information technology derives from the twofold human-divine nature of Christ (dyophysitism): the Son of homo is anointed in consequence of His incarnated flesh, as well as the Son of God is anointing in effect of the "Godhead which He has with the Father" (ST III, q. 16, a. 5).[42]

Symbols [edit]

Crucifixion Icon Sinai 12th century, showing apply of ΧϹ digraph on the nameplate

The employ of "Χ" as an abridgement for "Christ" derives from the Greek letter Chi (χ), in the discussion Christós (Greek: Χριστός ). An early Christogram is the Chi Rho symbol, formed by superimposing the offset two Greek letters in Christ, chi (Χ) and rho (Ρ), to produce ☧.[43]

The centuries-quondam English language give-and-take Χmas is an English form of χ-mas, itself an abbreviation for Christ-mas. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) and the OED Supplement have cited usages of "X-" or "Xp-" for "Christ-" as early every bit 1485. The terms "Xpian" and "Xren" have been used for "Christian", "Xst" for "Christ'south" "Xρofer" for Christopher and Xmas, Xstmas, and Xtmas for Christmas. The OED further cites usage of "Xtianity" for "Christianity" from 1634.[note 2] Co-ordinate to Merriam-Webster's Lexicon of English Usage, virtually of the bear witness for these words comes from "educated Englishmen who knew their Greek".[45] [46]

The Dec 1957 News and Views published by the Church League of America, a conservative organization founded in 1937,[47] attacked the use of Xmas in an article titled "Ten=The Unknown Quantity". Gerald L. Thousand. Smith picked upwards the statements later, in December 1966, saying that Xmas was a "blasphemous omission of the name of Christ" and that "'X' is referred to as beingness symbolical of the unknown quantity."[48] More recently, American evangelist Franklin Graham and sometime CNN correspondent Roland Southward. Martin publicly raised concerns. Graham stated in an interview that the employ of "Xmas" is taking "Christ out of Christmas" and chosen it a "war against the name of Jesus Christ."[49] Roland Martin relates the use of "Xmas" to his growing concerns of increasing commercialization and secularization of what he says is one of Christianity's highest holy days.[50]

See as well [edit]

  • Chrism
  • Jesus in Christianity
  • Knowledge of Christ
  • Masih
  • Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
  • Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran
  • Perfection of Christ
  • You lot are Christ

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronounced . From Latin: Christus, via Greek: χριστός ; calqued from Aramaic: משיחא, romanized: məšīḥā or Hebrew: מָשִׁיחַ, romanized: māšîaḥ , lit.'messiah'; from Aramaic: משח, romanized: məšaḥ or Hebrew: מָשַׁח, romanized: māšaḥ , lit.'to anoint'.[3] [4] Alternatively (Messiah or Messias): Latin: messias, from Greek: μεσσίας (alternative to χριστός ), from the aforementioned Semitic word.
  2. ^ Viz. 1485 Rolls of Parliament Vi.280/I The most famous, dear, and Xren Prince. 1573 Baret Alv. s.v. 5. "The long mistaking of this woorde Xps standing for Chrs past abbreuiation which fore lacke of knowledge in the greeke they tooke for 10,p, and south, and so likewise Xpofer. 1598 Rowlands Betraying of Christ Hunter, Cl. 25 "Xpian the outward, the inwards not at all"; 1634 Documents against Prynne, Camden, 33 "Such right...equally your Xtianity, identify, and role joyntly require." 1697 Aubrey Lives Milton (MS Aubrey viii, lf. 63) "He was so faire, that they chosen him the lady of Xts college."[44]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Schönborn, Christoph (1994). God's human face up: the Christ-icon. p. 154. ISBN0-89870-514-2.
  2. ^ Galey, John (1986). Sinai and the Monastery of St. Catherine. p. 92. ISBN977-424-118-five.
  3. ^ Zanzig, Thomas (2000). Jesus of history, Christ of faith. p. 314. ISBN0-88489-530-0.
  4. ^ "Etymology Online: messiah". Etymonline.com. Retrieved Nov 19, 2010.
  5. ^ Prager, Edward (2005). A Dictionary of Jewish-Christian Relations. p. 85. ISBN0-521-82692-vi.
  6. ^ Zanzig, Thomas (2000). Jesus of history, Christ of religion. p. 33. ISBN0-88489-530-0.
  7. ^ Espin, Orlando (2007). n Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies. p. 231. ISBN978-0-8146-5856-7.
  8. ^ a b Pannenberg, Wolfhart (1968). Jesus God and Man. pp. 30–31. ISBN0-664-24468-8.
  9. ^ Borg, Marcus (Baronial 31, 2012). "A Chronological New Attestation". The Huffington Mail.
  10. ^ "Saint Paul, the Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  11. ^ "Jesus Christ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  12. ^ a b χριστός . Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Dictionary at the Perseus Projection
  13. ^ Messiah Retrieved February 4, 2020
  14. ^ Doniger, Wendy (2000). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Earth Religions . Merriam-Webster. p. 212. ISBN0-87779-044-2.
  15. ^ a b Bauer, Walter, et al., eds. (1957). "Μεσσίας, ου, ὁ". A Greek–English language Dictionary of the New Testament and Other Early on Christian Literature (1 ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  16. ^ "Christ". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  17. ^ a b c Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Origin of the Proper name of Jesus Christ". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  18. ^ "What Do 'Messiah' and 'Jesus Christ' Mean?. Both Christ and Messiah mean anointed or anointed ane". Archived from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2018. anointing was a rite of kingship in Syria-Palestine in the fourteenth century BCE.
  19. ^ "1611 King James Bible, Second Volume of Maccabees, chapter i, poetry 10". kingjamesbibleonline.org.
  20. ^ "Greek Septuagint and Wiki English Translation, 2d Volume of Maccabees, chapter 1". katabiblon.com (in English and Greek). Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  21. ^ "1611 King James Bible, Book of Sirach, chapter 46, verse xix". kingjamesbibleonline.org.
  22. ^ "Greek Septuagint and Wiki English Translation, Book of Sirach, chapter 46". katabiblon.com (in English and Greek). Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  23. ^ a b Ekstrand, Donald W. (2008). Christianity. pp. 147–150. ISBN978-one-60477-929-5.
  24. ^ Ekstrand, Donald W. (2008). Christianity. p. 81. ISBN978-1-60477-929-5.
  25. ^ Matthew 26:63–64.
  26. ^ Luke 22:seventy.
  27. ^ Marking 14:61–62.
  28. ^ a b c Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Messiah". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  29. ^ Hurtado, Larry West. (2005). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. p. 99. ISBN0-8028-3167-2.
  30. ^ Rahner, Karl (2004). Encyclopedia of theology: A curtailed Sacramentum mundi. pp. 730–739. ISBN0-86012-006-6.
  31. ^ Barclay, William (2002). The messages to the Galatians and Ephesians. pp. 152–153. ISBN0-664-22559-four.
  32. ^ Ehrman 2014, p. 108. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEhrman2014 (help)
  33. ^ Ehrman 2014, p. 171. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEhrman2014 (help)
  34. ^ O'Collins 2009, p. 1-three.
  35. ^ Ramm 1993, p. xv. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRamm1993 (assist)
  36. ^ Bird, Evans & Gathercole 2014, p. 134, north.5. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBirdEvansGathercole2014 (help)
  37. ^ Ehrman 2014, p. ch.6-9. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEhrman2014 (help)
  38. ^ a b Davis 1990, p. 342. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavis1990 (assist)
  39. ^ Armentrout & Boak Slocum 2005, p. 81. sfn error: no target: CITEREFArmentroutBoak_Slocum2005 (assist)
  40. ^ Espín & Nickoloff 2007, p. 217. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFEspínNickoloff2007 (help)
  41. ^ Beversluis 2000, p. 21–22. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBeversluis2000 (aid)
  42. ^ Thomas Aquinas (1947). English language translation of the "Summa Theologica", with Latin text. dhspriory.org (in Latin and English). Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Benziger Bros. Archived from the original on Oct 21, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2019. , with a quotation form the Epistle to Palestinians of Pope Leo I
  43. ^ Steffler, Alva William (2002). Symbols of the Christian organized religion. p. 66. ISBN0-8028-4676-9.
  44. ^ "X". Oxford English language Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  45. ^ "Xmas" commodity, Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, Merriam-Webster, 1994, p 968, ISBN 978-0-87779-132-4, retrieved via Google Books, December 27, 2008
  46. ^ O'Conner, Patricia T.; Kellerman, Stewart (2009). Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language. New York: Random House. p. 77. ISBN978-1-4000-6660-5.
  47. ^ "Subject Guide to Conservative and Libertarian Materials, in Manuscript Collections". University of Oregon.
  48. ^ Kominsky, Morris (1970). The Hoaxers: Manifestly Liars, Fancy Liars and Damned Liars. pp. 137–138. ISBN0-8283-1288-5.
  49. ^ American Morning time: A Chat With Reverend Franklin Graham, CNN (December xvi, 2005). Retrieved on December 29, 2009.
  50. ^ Martin, Roland (December twenty, 2007). Commentary: Y'all can't take Christ out of Christmas, CNN. Retrieved on December 29, 2009.

Further reading [edit]

  • Cullmann, Oscar (1959). The Christology of the New Testament. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN978-0-664-24351-seven.
  • Fuller, Reginald H. (1965). The Foundations of New Testament Christology . New York: Scribners. ISBN0-684-15532-X.
  • Greene, Colin J.D. (2004). Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN0-8028-2792-6.
  • Kingsbury, Jack Dean (1989). The Christology of Mark'southward Gospel. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. ISBN978-1-4514-1007-5.
  • O'Collins, Gerald (2009). Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Report of Jesus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-955787-five.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_(title)

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